Semantic text analysis online allows you to check: nausea and water content, count the number of characters and the frequency of words, all for white SEO

The use of features based on WordNet has been applied with and without good results [55, 67–69]. Besides, WordNet can support the computation of semantic similarity [70, 71] and the evaluation of the discovered knowledge [72]. Dagan et al. [26] introduce a special issue of the Journal of Natural Language Engineering on textual entailment recognition, which is a natural language task that aims to identify if a piece of text can be inferred from another. The authors present an overview of relevant aspects in textual entailment, discussing four PASCAL Recognising Textual Entailment (RTE) Challenges. They declared that the systems submitted to those challenges use cross-pair similarity measures, machine learning, and logical inference.

A general text mining process can be seen as a five-step process, as illustrated in Fig. The process starts with the specification of its objectives in the problem identification step. The text mining analyst, preferably working along with a domain expert, must delimit the text mining application scope, including the text collection that will be mined and how the result will be used. Semantic analysis methods will provide companies the ability to understand the meaning of the text and achieve comprehension and communication levels that are at par with humans. All factors considered, Uber uses semantic analysis to analyze and address customer support tickets submitted by riders on the Uber platform.

Moreover, while these are just a few areas where the analysis finds significant applications. Its potential reaches into numerous other domains where understanding language’s meaning and context is crucial. It recreates a crucial role in enhancing the understanding of data for machine learning models, thereby making them capable of reasoning and understanding context more effectively. As you stand on the brink of this analytical revolution, it is essential to recognize the prowess you now hold with these tools and techniques at your disposal. Mastering these can be transformative, nurturing an ecosystem where Significance of Semantic Insights becomes an empowering agent for innovation and strategic development. The advancements we anticipate in semantic text analysis will challenge us to embrace change and continuously refine our interaction with technology.

Moreover, semantic categories such as, ‘is the chairman of,’ ‘main branch located a’’, ‘stays at,’ and others connect the above entities. Automated semantic analysis works with the help of machine learning algorithms. However, machines first need to be trained to make sense of human language and understand the context in which words are used; otherwise, they might misinterpret the word “joke” as positive. In the social sciences, textual analysis is often applied to texts such as interview transcripts and surveys, as well as to various types of media. Social scientists use textual data to draw empirical conclusions about social relations.

Example # 1: Uber and social listening

These two techniques can be used in the context of customer service to refine the comprehension of natural language and sentiment. Driven by the analysis, tools emerge as pivotal assets in crafting customer-centric strategies and automating processes. Moreover, they don’t just parse text; they extract valuable information, discerning opposite meanings and extracting relationships between words. Efficiently working behind the scenes, semantic analysis excels in understanding language and inferring intentions, emotions, and context.

B2B and B2C companies are not the only ones to deploy systems of semantic analysis to optimize the customer experience. Google developed its own semantic tool to improve the understanding of user searchers. Semantic analysis can also benefit SEO (search engine optimisation) by helping to decode the content of a users’ Google searches and to be able to offer optimised and correctly referenced content. The goal is to boost traffic, all while improving the relevance of results for the user. As such, semantic analysis helps position the content of a website based on a number of specific keywords (with expressions like “long tail” keywords) in order to multiply the available entry points to a certain page. A company can scale up its customer communication by using semantic analysis-based tools.

Leser and Hakenberg [25] presents a survey of biomedical named entity recognition. The authors present the difficulties of both identifying entities (like genes, proteins, and diseases) and evaluating named entity recognition systems. They describe some annotated corpora and named entity recognition tools and state that the lack of corpora is an important bottleneck in the field. Besides, going even deeper in the interpretation of the sentences, we can understand their meaning—they are related to some takeover—and we can, for example, infer that there will be some impacts on the business environment. Also, ‘smart search‘ is another functionality that one can integrate with ecommerce search tools.

Text Extraction

The paper describes the state-of-the-art text mining approaches for supporting manual text annotation, such as ontology learning, named entity and concept identification. They also describe and compare biomedical search engines, in the context of information retrieval, literature retrieval, result processing, knowledge retrieval, semantic processing, and integration of external tools. The authors argue that search engines must also be able to find results that are indirectly related to the user’s keywords, considering the semantics and relationships between possible search results. Whether using machine learning or statistical techniques, the text mining approaches are usually language independent. However, specially in the natural language processing field, annotated corpora is often required to train models in order to resolve a certain task for each specific language (semantic role labeling problem is an example). Besides, linguistic resources as semantic networks or lexical databases, which are language-specific, can be used to enrich textual data.

The authors compare 12 semantic tagging tools and present some characteristics that should be considered when choosing such type of tools. Stavrianou et al. [15] also present the relation between ontologies and text mining. Ontologies can be used as background knowledge in a text mining process, and the text mining techniques can be used to generate and update ontologies.

Some common methods of analyzing texts in the social sciences include content analysis, thematic analysis, and discourse analysis. The semantic analysis does throw better results, but it also requires substantially more training and computation. Syntactic analysis involves analyzing the grammatical syntax of a sentence to understand its meaning. The Istio semantic text analysis evaluates keyword stuffing, water and spamming.

Semantic analysis aids search engines in comprehending user queries more effectively, consequently retrieving more relevant results by considering the meaning of words, phrases, and context. It’s used extensively in NLP tasks like sentiment analysis, document summarization, machine translation, and question answering, thus showcasing its versatility and fundamental role in processing language. Semantic analysis forms the backbone of many NLP tasks, enabling machines to understand and process language more effectively, leading to improved machine translation, sentiment analysis, etc. The journey through semantic text analysis is a meticulous blend of both art and science.

Textual analysis in the social sciences sometimes takes a more quantitative approach, where the features of texts are measured numerically. For example, a researcher might investigate how often certain words are repeated in social media posts, or which colors appear most prominently in advertisements for products targeted at different demographics. The methods used to conduct textual analysis depend on the field and the aims of the research. It often aims to connect the text to a broader social, political, cultural, or artistic context.

The coverage of Scopus publications are balanced between Health Sciences (32% of total Scopus publication) and Physical Sciences (29% of total Scopus publication). Other approaches include analysis of verbs in order to identify relations on textual data [134–138]. However, the proposed solutions are normally developed for a specific domain or are language dependent. In this study, we identified the languages that were mentioned in paper abstracts. We must note that English can be seen as a standard language in scientific publications; thus, papers whose results were tested only in English datasets may not mention the language, as examples, we can cite [51–56].

Semantic analysis is defined as a process of understanding natural language (text) by extracting insightful information such as context, emotions, and sentiments from unstructured data. This article explains the fundamentals of semantic analysis, how it works, examples, and the top five semantic analysis applications in 2022. In AI and machine learning, semantic analysis helps in feature extraction, sentiment analysis, and understanding relationships in data, which enhances the performance of models. Semantic analysis is a crucial component of natural language processing (NLP) that concentrates on understanding the meaning, interpretation, and relationships between words, phrases, and sentences in a given context. It goes beyond merely analyzing a sentence’s syntax (structure and grammar) and delves into the intended meaning.

By using semantic analysis tools, concerned business stakeholders can improve decision-making and customer experience. Semantic analysis tech is highly beneficial for the customer service department of any company. Moreover, it is also helpful to customers as the technology enhances the overall customer experience at different levels. It’s an essential sub-task of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and the driving force behind machine learning tools like chatbots, search engines, and text analysis. This module covers the basics of the language, before looking at key areas such as document structure, links, lists, images, forms, and more.

However, due to the vast complexity and subjectivity involved in human language, interpreting it is quite a complicated task for machines. Semantic Analysis of Natural Language captures the meaning of the given text while taking into account context, logical structuring of sentences and grammar roles. At its core, Semantic Text Analysis is the computer-aided process of understanding the meaning and contextual relevance of text.

• Finding HowNet as one of the most used external knowledge source it is not surprising, since Chinese is one of the most cited languages in the studies selected in this mapping (see the “Languages” section).
• Among other external sources, we can find knowledge sources related to Medicine, like the UMLS Metathesaurus [95–98], MeSH thesaurus [99–102], and the Gene Ontology [103–105].
• It is normally based on external knowledge sources and can also be based on machine learning methods [36, 130–133].
• In the pattern extraction step, user’s participation can be required when applying a semi-supervised approach.
• Beyond latent semantics, the use of concepts or topics found in the documents is also a common approach.

These advancements enable more accurate and granular analysis, transforming the way semantic meaning is extracted from texts. In the following subsections, we describe our systematic mapping protocol and how this study was conducted. A ‘search autocomplete‘ functionality is one such type that predicts what a user intends to search based on previously searched queries.

Academic research has similarly been transformed by the use of Semantic Analysis tools. Academic Research in Text Analysis has moved beyond traditional methodologies and now regularly incorporates semantic techniques to deal with large datasets. It equips computers with the ability to understand and interpret human language in a structured and meaningful way. This comprehension is critical, as the subtleties and nuances of language can hold the key to profound insights within large datasets. Despite the fact that the user would have an important role in a real application of text mining methods, there is not much investment on user’s interaction in text mining research studies. A probable reason is the difficulty inherent to an evaluation based on the user’s needs.

Among other more specific tasks, sentiment analysis is a recent research field that is almost as applied as information retrieval and information extraction, which are more consolidated research areas. SentiWordNet, a lexical resource for sentiment analysis and opinion mining, is already among the most used external knowledge sources. Today, machine learning algorithms and NLP (natural language processing) technologies are the motors of semantic analysis tools. A word cloud3 of methods and algorithms identified in this literature mapping is presented in Fig. 9, in which the font size reflects the frequency of the methods and algorithms among the accepted papers. You can foun additiona information about ai customer service and artificial intelligence and NLP. We can note that the most common approach deals with latent semantics through Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) [2, 120], a method that can be used for data dimension reduction and that is also known as latent semantic analysis.

When considering semantics-concerned text mining, we believe that this lack can be filled with the development of good knowledge bases and natural language processing methods specific for these languages. Besides, the analysis of the impact of languages in semantic-concerned text mining is also an interesting open research question. A comparison among semantic aspects of different languages and their impact on the results of text mining techniques would also be interesting. IBM’s Watson provides a conversation service that uses semantic analysis (natural language understanding) and deep learning to derive meaning from unstructured data. It analyzes text to reveal the type of sentiment, emotion, data category, and the relation between words based on the semantic role of the keywords used in the text. According to IBM, semantic analysis has saved 50% of the company’s time on the information gathering process.

The most popular example is the WordNet [63], an electronic lexical database developed at the Princeton University. Depending on its usage, WordNet can also be seen as a thesaurus or a dictionary [64]. Jovanovic et al. [22] discuss the task of semantic tagging in their paper directed at IT practitioners. Semantic tagging can be seen as an expansion of named entity recognition task, in which the entities are identified, disambiguated, and linked to a real-world entity, normally using a ontology or knowledge base.

The next level is the syntactic level, that includes representations based on word co-location or part-of-speech tags. The most complete representation level is the semantic level and includes the representations based on word relationships, as the ontologies. Several different research fields deal with text, such as text mining, computational linguistics, machine learning, information retrieval, semantic web and crowdsourcing. Grobelnik [14] states the importance of an integration of these research areas in order to reach a complete solution to the problem of text understanding. The review reported in this paper is the result of a systematic mapping study, which is a particular type of systematic literature review [3, 4]. Systematic literature review is a formal literature review adopted to identify, evaluate, and synthesize evidences of empirical results in order to answer a research question.

Besides the top 2 application domains, other domains that show up in our mapping refers to the mining of specific types of texts. We found research studies in mining news, scientific papers corpora, patents, and texts with economic and financial content. Specifically for the task of irony detection, Wallace [23] presents both philosophical formalisms and machine learning approaches. The author argues that a model of the speaker is necessary to improve current machine learning methods and enable their application in a general problem, independently of domain. He discusses the gaps of current methods and proposes a pragmatic context model for irony detection. The mapping reported in this paper was conducted with the general goal of providing an overview of the researches developed by the text mining community and that are concerned about text semantics.

As a systematic mapping, our study follows the principles of a systematic mapping/review. However, as our goal was to develop a general mapping of a broad field, our study differs from the procedure suggested by Kitchenham and Charters [3] in two ways. Firstly, Kitchenham and Charters [3] state that the systematic review should be performed by two or more researchers.

Some competitive advantages that business can gain from the analysis of social media texts are presented in [47–49]. The authors developed case studies demonstrating how text mining can be applied in social media intelligence. From our systematic mapping data, we found that Twitter is the most popular source of web texts and its posts are commonly used for sentiment analysis or event extraction. This paper reports a systematic mapping study conducted to get a general overview of how text semantics is being treated in text mining studies. It fills a literature review gap in this broad research field through a well-defined review process.

It understands the text within each ticket, filters it based on the context, and directs the tickets to the right person or department (IT help desk, legal or sales department, etc.). Thus, as and when a new change is introduced on the Uber app, the semantic analysis algorithms start listening to social network feeds to understand whether users are happy about the update or if it needs further refinement. Relationship extraction is a procedure used to determine the semantic relationship between words in a text. In semantic analysis, relationships include various entities, such as an individual’s name, place, company, designation, etc.

It is thus important to load the content with sufficient context and expertise. On the whole, such a trend has improved the general content quality of the internet. The Istio semantic text analysis automatically counts the number of symbols and assesses the overstuffing and water. The service highlights the keywords and water and draws a user-friendly frequency chart.

We also found an expressive use of WordNet as an external knowledge source, followed by Wikipedia, HowNet, Web pages, SentiWordNet, and other knowledge sources related to Medicine. Figure 5 presents the domains where text semantics is most present in text mining applications. Health care and life sciences is the domain that stands out when talking about text semantics in text mining applications. This fact is not unexpected, since life sciences have a long time concern about standardization of vocabularies and taxonomies. Among the most common problems treated through the use of text mining in the health care and life science is the information retrieval from publications of the field.

Besides that, users are also requested to manually annotate or provide a few labeled data [166, 167] or generate of hand-crafted rules [168, 169]. The advantage of a systematic literature review is that the protocol clearly specifies its bias, since the review process is well-defined. However, it is possible to conduct it in a controlled and well-defined way through a systematic process. Search engines use semantic analysis to understand better and analyze user intent as they search for information on the web. Moreover, with the ability to capture the context of user searches, the engine can provide accurate and relevant results. Customers benefit from such a support system as they receive timely and accurate responses on the issues raised by them.

We also found some studies that use SentiWordNet [92], which is a lexical resource for sentiment analysis and opinion mining [93, 94]. Among other external sources, we can find knowledge sources related to Medicine, like the UMLS Metathesaurus [95–98], MeSH thesaurus [99–102], and the Gene Ontology [103–105]. Methods that deal with latent semantics are reviewed in the study of Daud et al. [16].

It is normally based on external knowledge sources and can also be based on machine learning methods [36, 130–133]. Several companies are using the sentiment analysis functionality to understand the voice of their customers, extract sentiments and emotions from text, and, in turn, derive actionable data from them. It helps capture the tone of customers when they post reviews and opinions on social media posts or company websites. Google incorporated ‘semantic analysis’ into its framework by developing its tool to understand and improve user searches.